None of the cases mentioned above concern me, how do I apply to study in France?

This is for you if you are not European, you don't live in Europe, and your country of residence doesn't use the Études en France procedure.

First year of a bachelor's degree at a university: submit a preliminary admission request (DAP) to the cultural service of the French embassy in your country. You can choose up to 3 universities. For the September 2027 intake: applications from 1 October to 15 December 2026, answers by 30 April 2027, and you confirm by 31 May 2027.
Other programmes and years (including master's and doctorates): apply directly to the institutions, following their own procedures. Use Campus France's programme search to find them.

Once you're admitted, apply for your visa on France-Visas.